Compound Feed Mill

1. Project cost:

Many other costs involved in the project other than compound feed mill like boiler, transformer, genset, civil work, taxes, transportation, Weigh Bridge, ware house, building construction, working capital etc. Hence considering all the costs in the project report is an essential .

2. Market area (Radius of 200 kms) :

Future trends and concentration of livestock, poultry and other animal production, demand & availability of feed, demand & availability of raw material, grain surplus or deficit area, kind of feed grains grown and fed, future trends in feed potential etc.

3. Competition in market:

Kinds & prices of feeds sold, credit policy of competitors, services offered to customers, share of local market, man power availability & cost, nature of farmers & traders, discount policy, trend of on-farm grinding and mixing.

4. Selecting the compound feed mill site:

Condition of roads, availability of power, water and manpower, drainage & nature of soil, water level, federal and local regulations for pollution & air quality, attitude of local people and government towards a new feed manufacturing unit, taxation and subsidy rules etc. All these factors must be taken into consideration while selecting a site for compound feed mill.

5. Project feasibility:

Raw Material Cost+ Processing cost + Packaging + over heads = Total Cost of production

Where raw material is grains like Maize, Soya, Mustard, GNE, Cakes, DORB, Oils, Molasses, Medicines, Supplements etc.; processing cost involves Boiler Fuel, Electricity, Labour, Maintenance, general Wear & Tear; packaging cost for PT Bags and overheads are depreciation, bank interest, salaries, promotions & branding etc.

Hence all above factors effects the cost of compound animal feed processing plant production and considering all these factors along with working capital, selling price & profits we can easily calculate the project feasibility & return on investment.

The complexity and simplicity of the overall layout of the compound feed mill are closely related to the production scale and requirements.

For large feed mills, in order to operate normally, they must not only build production workshops equipped with reasonable feed processing technology and equipment, but also build matching vertical cylinder warehouses, raw material warehouses, finished product warehouses, and transformation equipment closely related to production.

There are auxiliary facilities such as electrical rooms, machine repair workshops, boiler rooms, material warehouses, and weighbridge rooms, as well as office and living facilities such as office buildings, laboratories, and dormitories.

The layout of these building facilities affects the production management and efficiency of the compound feed factory.

• Whether the logistics within the animal feed production plant is reasonable is a thorough and measured issue and an important basis for the success of the overall layout of compound feed mill.
  • In particular, major buildings such as feed production workshops, vertical silos, original (auxiliary) material warehouses, and finished product warehouses should be arranged according to the compound feed production process.
  • The distance of the transportation line from raw materials to finished products should be shortened as much as possible to avoid round-trip transportation of materials.
  • At the same time, the flow of raw materials, finished products, and people should have their own routes, strive to avoid intersections, and minimize the area occupied. The spacing between buildings must also meet fire protection, health and safety requirements.

• Due to land acquisition conditions, newly built compound feed mill factories often have irregular polygonal boundaries around the factory area.
  • The production area should be arranged in the middle of the factory area as much as possible, and the surrounding corners should be fully utilized to arrange auxiliary facilities to meet production requirements.
  • At present, the layout of major buildings such as compound feed mill raw material warehouses, processing workshops, and finished product warehouses mainly adopts two forms: sub-item connection layout and cluster combination layout.
  • The sub-item connection arrangement means that the production workshop, original (auxiliary) material warehouse, finished product warehouse, etc. are constructed independently of each other, and the main workshop is connected to each warehouse. Connected through corridors, trenches or overpasses to form an overall combination form.

Each building in this arrangement has better ventilation and lighting performance, but it covers a larger area, has long material transportation lines during processing, and is uneconomical due to high transportation costs.

The cluster combination layout is an organic combination of the main workshop, raw material warehouse and finished product warehouse, which are separated from each other by walls. It has the advantages of high site utilization, short transportation operation lines, and flexible arrangement of functional units. However, the workshop ventilation and lighting conditions are poor.

We propose to make a compound feed mill layout solution:

• For your productivity
• For your compound feed types and recipe
• For your premises
• For your power generation conditions

Generally speaking, a complete compound feed factory mainly consists of the following buildings and facilities, and all of these buildings and facilities are within the scope of RICHI’s process design and construction.

1. Production workshop: feed processing workshop (main workshop) and premix processing workshop.
2. Auxiliary workshops: mechanical and electrical, instrument repair, weak current control room, laboratory, etc.
3. Warehouse: raw material warehouse, vertical cylinder warehouse (steel plate warehouse), finished product warehouse, equipment warehouse, etc.
4. Power facilities: power distribution room, boiler room, air compressor station, etc.
5. Administrative living buildings: administrative buildings, canteens, dormitories, bathhouses, etc.
6. Transportation facilities: roads, garages, etc.
7. Engineering and technical pipeline network: various pipelines such as water supply, sewerage, power supply, compressed air, steam, etc.
8. Greening facilities and architectural sketches: walls, gates, guard rooms, pools, lawns, flower beds, publicity bulletin boards, bicycle sheds, disinfection pools, fire-fighting facilities, etc.

According to the customer’s needs, factory space, site area, investment budget and other factors, the final composition of the compound feed mill factory is quite different!

Feed raw materials can be divided into pellets and powders in form, bulk and bagged in terms of packaging, and can be transported by cars, ships and trains in terms of transportation methods.

Raw materials with different shapes, packaging and transportation forms will have different receiving and storage methods. However, applicable and advanced processes and equipment should be used to ensure that the receiving speed and capacity meet compound feed mill production needs, reduce workers’ labor intensity, and reduce costs of production.

• For granular raw materials such as corn and wheat, large livestock and poultry feed factories should be equipped with vertical silo raw material receiving systems to achieve a high degree of mechanization for receiving, storing, and discharging pellets, eliminating the need for manual labor at all.
• For powdery raw materials such as meal and DDGS, due to poor fluidity, easy arching, hardening, and difficulty in exiting the warehouse, most compound feed mill factories still use bags and rely on manual handling and feeding. However, with the expansion of the production scale of compound feed plants, the storage and feeding of such raw materials continue to be manual.
  This not only requires high labor intensity for workers, but also seriously affects production efficiency and restricts further expansion of production scale. The use of silo storage is an inevitable trend. .
• Soybean meal, etc. are stored in silos, which can realize bulk receipt of materials and automatic discharge from the warehouse without labor factors, reducing water loss and cross-contamination. However, the discharge problem must be considered to prevent poor flow, formation of hardening, arching, and inability to flow.

Therefore, for small silos with a smaller capacity (200~300 t), the silo outlet can be designed in a rectangular shape, with single, double, or triple screw discharges depending on the size of the silo; for large silos with a capacity of more than 1,000 t , must be equipped with an active discharge system to ensure the overall flow of materials, first in, first out, and complete discharge.

Other raw materials that are not suitable for storage in warehouses (such as bran, rice bran, fish meal, etc.) should be packed in bags, unloaded on pallets, transported by forklifts, and fed manually. This can improve the efficiency of raw material supply in the compound commercial feed mill production process, reduce human participation, and facilitate energy saving.

The in-factory logistics and transportation methods and transportation efficiency of compound feed milling plants are closely connected with the reception and storage methods of raw materials and the delivery methods of finished products.

The raw materials stored in silos can be directly sent from the silo to the bin to be crushed or the batching bin through conveyor equipment such as scraper conveyors and bucket elevators when feed needs to be made during the production process, eliminating the need for manual labor at all, realize the mechanization of feeding.

If all the raw materials that can be put into the silo are stored in the silo, the amount of manual transportation and feeding can be greatly reduced, the feeding efficiency can be improved, and the raw material warehouse area and labor costs can be reduced.

The feed products are in bulk, so there is no need for manual packaging and transportation. They flow directly from the bulk finished product warehouse to the bulk transport vehicle, which will greatly improve the delivery efficiency and reduce the finished product warehouse area and labor costs.

However, most compound feed companies currently only have granular raw materials entering silos, and the finished products are still packed in bags. Manual loading and unloading are widely used.

What kind of in-factory logistics transportation method should be used to minimize the cost and time during the transportation process, and at the same time reduce the cost of transportation? It is very important to reduce labor intensity and improve personnel work efficiency.

• The material handling work in the complete feed mill plant mainly includes the unloading, warehousing, palletizing, and outbound loading of raw materials, the warehousing, palletizing, and outbound loading of finished products, the handling and feeding of small materials, and the unqualified materials. Transportation and stacking of products, cleaning materials, etc.
• Material transportation methods in the compound feed factory mainly use forklifts, forklifts, motorized flatbeds, trolleys and other transportation vehicles and mobile belt conveyors, which are flexible and easy to use.

Compound feed quality management is the central link in enterprise management, and it is the control of key aspects of products from raw material management, production and processing, formula design, and after-sales service. Feed quality management is an important and regular task for compound feed enterprises, and it is also a necessary measure to improve production, promote sales, and increase efficiency.

1. Quality control of raw materials

• Pre-control of purchasing raw materials

The principle of high quality and low price should be followed, which can not only improve and stabilize product quality, but also effectively reduce production costs, thereby improving economic benefits. The purchasing department provides supplier samples, which can be purchased after inspection and confirmation.

• Control of intermediate samples

During the unloading process of raw materials, intermediate samples must be taken for inspection to prevent adulteration.

• Check the quality of raw materials in the batching warehouse daily

Raw materials in the batching warehouse can be produced after being inspected and confirmed every day. Samples are taken for confirmation at any time during the compound feed mill production process to prevent errors such as mixing warehouses.

• Check the quality of raw materials in stock every week

Compare with the current recipe requirements to check the difference. Check the temperature, moisture, mildew and other abnormal conditions of the stored raw materials, and deal with any problems in a timely manner.

2. Quality control of formula design

• Market research, information collection and processing

First, we must collect the growth performance, development status and competitor information of animals to design formulas for different varieties and grades.

• The designed formula must be competitive in terms of feeding effect and cost.

Only by choosing good palatability, taking into account the physiological characteristics of animals and the actual needs of customers, and using high-quality raw materials that are cheap and nutritious can we be competitive.

• The designed formula should be combined with the production process to ensure processing quality

The raw materials used must be reasonably matched, and the formula suitable for the process parameters should be designed according to the compound feed mill production process.

3. Quality control of the production process

• Sampling inspection

Each variety must be sampled to check its protein, moisture, etc. at the beginning, process, and end of production. Especially for granular materials, the frequency of testing should be increased to observe changes in moisture.

• Control of granulation process

It is necessary to check the modulation temperature of pellet materials to ensure that the modulation effect meets the quality requirements. When starting production of each variety, check whether the cooler is leaking to prevent the generation of hot materials.

• Packaging positions

Check the temperature, color and odor changes of the materials at any time, compare them with standard samples, and report any problems found in a timely manner.

4. Quality control of storage and transportation

• Shelf life

All products must comply with the quality regulations on the shelf life of the compound feed mill. Products that have exceeded the shelf life will be inspected by the quality control department before being disposed of.

• Regular inspection

The custodian should check the warehouse regularly and deal with any problems in a timely manner.

• Innovate and innovate

The custodian should know the production date of the feed and adopt the principle of introducing new products when shipping to prevent the backlog of old products.

5. After-sales technical service management

• Create customer profile

The content includes: customer name, mailing address, person in charge of the unit, contact number, breeding species and scale, technical strength, materials used, etc.

• Solve technical problems in a timely manner

When a customer has a problem and reports it to the salesperson, it must be reported to the quality control department for analysis and resolution. You must not do errands, be irresponsible and cause losses to the customer.

• Develop new customers through information feedback

The best way is for customers to introduce customers to gain trust more permanently.

The quality of feed products is a comprehensive reflection of all the work of compound animal feed factory. Strengthening quality management, ensuring and improving the quality of feed products will bring greater development space to feed enterprises.

Feed is the largest cost item in livestock production, accounting for 60 to 80% of the total cost of pig and poultry production. Therefore, we must purchase high-quality feed ingredients from the beginning. Once purchased, feed ingredients must be properly handled and stored to ensure that their quality does not deteriorate over time.

The quality of feed has a huge impact on animal performance. Moldy or rancid feed contains mycotoxins, free radicals, odors and moldy feed, which can harm animal performance, such as reducing animal growth rate, feed utilization and feed intake. Mycotoxins can also harm reproductive performance and suppress an animal’s immune system, for example causing abortions in pigs and weakening the response to vaccination in poultry.

Factors that are not conducive to safe storage of feed:

1.Bulk storage and bag storage

The storage method of feed ingredients can have a significant impact on their quality. Feed ingredients can be stored in bulk or in bags, both of which have their own advantages and disadvantages. In developed countries, feed ingredients are usually stored in bulk.

The advantages of bulk storage are:

• Can better control storage conditions;
• Labor input can be reduced in storage and handling;
• Can implement “first in, first out” inventory management;
• Both for feed raw materials and compound feeds, the cost of bulk transportation is lower;
• It can avoid the use of bags that are more expensive and may spread diseases;
• The transportation of feed in feed mills and farms can be mechanized, thereby reducing labor input;
• Bulk transportation of feed is beneficial to the biosecurity of the farm.

In developing countries, feed ingredients and compound feeds are usually stored in bags due to lower labor costs.

2.Bag storage also has its advantages and disadvantages

No need to invest in equipment such as silos, transmission systems, scales, etc.;

• In places where labor is cheap and abundant, the costs of transportation and storage are relatively low;
• It is difficult to implement the “first in, first out” approach;
• It is impossible to provide air supply and ventilation, so the temperature of the stored materials cannot be controlled;
• Feeds stored in bags are prone to insects, mold and rancidity because the bags cannot protect the feed well from environmental changes;
• The cost of bags is very high, and bags can also become a source of contamination and thus a source of disease;
• The bags should be stacked on pallets, and if there are insects or mold hidden in the pallets, the stored feed will be susceptible to damage;
• Bag storage wastes valuable storage space;
• If the bagged feed is not stacked stably, it will topple over and cause danger to workers;
• Shipping bagged feed will increase shipping costs;
• Bag storage has the advantage of self-ventilation, but it may easily absorb the temperature in the warehouse to achieve continuous monitoring, so that problems can be quickly discovered and measures can be taken immediately.

The quality of stored materials can be monitored by taking samples to detect any signs of deterioration, such as color, odor, mold growth, heat, or the presence of insects. The storage equipment can also be monitored for leaks and condensation during sampling.

It is important to realize that the quality of feed ingredients only deteriorates after they are harvested and delivered to a storage facility. Therefore, it is important to purchase only high-quality ingredients from the beginning. However, with appropriate management practices and faster turnover of raw materials, quality degradation can be minimized.

• You must understand the effects of moisture, temperature and time on storage quality. Stored materials should have a safe moisture content to be stored safely.
• Monitoring temperature, mold and insects, and sampling stored materials are necessary components of stored material management.
• Properly mastering the Sanitation-Loading-Aeration-Monitoring (SLAM) technology can help minimize the problem of quality degradation of stored materials.

1. Selection and storage of raw materials

Due to safety stock, market supply and other reasons, some raw materials may be stored for a long time. Because the quality of raw materials directly affects product quality, during the storage process of raw materials, changes in temperature, moisture, appearance, flavor, etc. should be paid close attention to. Especially raw materials stored outdoors are prone to mildew if the moisture content is too high and the ventilation is poor.

Mildy raw materials should be handled with caution. Mildy raw materials are never allowed to be used in production in order to reduce losses. Similarly, good materials and bad materials should not be treated as waste without distinguishing, causing unnecessary losses.

Some broken bag materials or recycled dust may be a mixture of multiple raw materials. These cannot be used as a certain raw material and should be reused under the guidance of quality control personnel.

2. Use and placement of raw materials

The quality of feed is directly related to the quality of raw materials. The storage of raw materials should be strictly in accordance with the requirements of the technical department. When feeding, you should contact the computer operator at any time to ensure the accuracy of feeding the raw materials. Do not mix raw materials.

The reason for mixing may be that the raw materials in the compound feed mill equipment have not been completely unloaded and another new material is put in. Generally, the idling time of the equipment should be greater than 3~5 minutes.

In order to prevent material clogging, people can organize people to feed materials after the equipment has been running for 1 minute. Reasonable feeding can reduce idling time and prevent mixing. Each raw material should be arranged to be finished within the same time period, without adding other raw materials in between.

Feeding personnel should clean the dust on the ground and stacks before and after feeding to prevent debris from entering the barrel. Clean up rope ends and other debris at any time when feeding. If mold or spoiled raw materials are found, they should be removed promptly and screened before being put into use. When loading and unstacking materials, they should be unloaded batch by batch to keep the stacking position stable.

With the rapid development of the feed industry, material loss has attracted more and more attention from managers of various enterprises. Generally speaking, the loss of raw material input and product output is controlled below 0.6%, but it can be as high as 0.7~0.8% for some enterprises. It should be started from The following aspects focus on reducing losses.

1. Raw material inspection and storage

• Moisture of raw materials

All purchased raw materials must be tested for moisture according to the standards set by the company, because the higher the moisture content of the raw materials, the greater the loss during the storage and processing of raw materials, especially corn. The moisture control standards must be refined during the procurement and receiving process.

• ①If it is qualified The standard is 14%. If it is not higher than 14.0%, no weight will be deducted.
• ②If it is greater than 14.0%, it will be calculated according to the proportion of the price.

The reason for setting this standard is to reduce the negative impact of increased loss of high-moisture raw materials.

• Raw material temperature

Some protein raw materials such as soybean meal and peanut meal are eager to supply and fail to cool the dried raw materials thoroughly. They are constantly cooling and losing water during transportation, loading, unloading, and storage. This is also one of the reasons for the loss of raw materials. For raw materials with high temperature, wait until they are completely cooled before weighing and unloading.

• Raw material packaging and unloading

When conditions permit, tons of bags can be used instead of bags. Enterprises with conditions that use larger quantities of raw materials use better-sealed silos, effectively reducing losses during loading, unloading and storage.

• Raw material storage

The raw material storage warehouse must be tightly sealed to prevent birds and rodents from entering.

2. raw materials used

• Raw material feeding

Use raw materials according to the first-in, first-out system to avoid storing some raw materials for too long and minimize leakage when using them.

• Raw material crushing

During the crushing process of raw materials such as corn and soybean meal, the impact temperature of the hammer increases and the particle size of the raw materials becomes smaller, which will cause moisture loss to accelerate, and sometimes the moisture loss will reach 0.4~0.7%. To avoid excessive crushing, adjust the air volume in the crushing chamber and lower the temperature of the crushing chamber.

• Dust

Increase the maintenance of compound feed mill equipment, especially flow pipes, dust collectors and other links that are prone to dust, to reduce the spillage of raw material dust.

• Mixing

From April to October every year, due to the low moisture content of the raw materials and the high outside temperature at this time, in areas with dry climate, it is necessary to consider adding water to the mixer. According to the outside temperature, calculate the water addition ratio, which is generally controlled at 0.5~ 2%. In high-temperature seasons, the moisture content of finished products should not exceed 12.5%. In other seasons, it should not exceed 14%.

3. Finished product packaging

• Packing scale

The packaging scale is a quantitative packaging equipment. If the error is large, it will cause a large loss, so the packaging scale must be calibrated with an electronic scale every shift.

• Packaging bags

If the finished product has a long service life, it is best to use coated tape for packaging bags, because such bags will not leak powder and reduce feed moisture loss. In today’s fiercely competitive feed industry, corporate profits are gradually being compressed.

Production costs are one of the most important factors that determine the economic benefits and market competitiveness of production companies. Reducing material loss is one of the key factors to reduce production costs and improve efficiency.

Therefore, compound feed mills should implement refined management for each link of production to reduce losses to a reasonable level.

1. Improve feeding accuracy and efficiency

When feeding raw materials, the materials should be fed into the designated stacking position, and the type and quantity of the materials fed should be confirmed. They should not be thrown in randomly nearby. Under the premise of ensuring the removal of rope ends, mildew, agglomerated raw materials, etc., try to increase the feeding speed and save electricity. Central control room personnel can reduce idle time and avoid material mixing.

2. Use the crusher correctly

Before starting the crusher for the first time, you should open the safety cover and check carefully to see if iron or other debris has entered the crushing chamber, whether there are cracks in the hammer, and whether the screen is leaking. After starting up, you should pay close attention to whether the initial current and no-load current are normal.

When unloading materials, you should wait for the pulverizer speed to reach normal, and do not allow unloading just after starting up. In order to make the crusher efficient and ensure the crushing particle size, the mesh size of the screen should be reasonably configured; the hammer blade should be replaced or reversed in time to reduce compound feed mill production costs and waste.

3. Control the mixing time

Ensure the mixing time according to different feed varieties. When the mixer is mixing, regularly observe the discharge door to prevent material leakage and reduce the mixing uniformity.

4. Add small ingredients

The addition of small ingredients must strictly follow the formula standards, and the weighing should be accurate. Prevent adding too much or too little, causing mistakes in adding small ingredients and causing quality accidents.

It is very important to control the addition of amino acids and other mineral drugs. These raw materials are generally added manually. The material clerk and the main controller should pay attention when using them and deal with problems in time if they are found. The error in small material additions should tend to zero.

5. Liquid additives

Liquid additives are often an overlooked aspect. First, liquid additives should be rigorously tested for accuracy. Because there will be errors in both pulse measurement and flow measurement, it is required to calculate the error range at each stage of the compound feed mill production process.

Generally speaking, the shorter the addition time, the greater the error; liquid addition should be added after a slight delay of 30 seconds after the small ingredients are added. Prevent the material from sticking into agglomerates and mixing evenly; the setting of the fuel nozzle should depend on the structure of the mixer, and the shape of the fuel nozzle must form a mist spray to achieve uniform distribution.

6. Granulation control

The feed pellet mill should reasonably adjust the feeding speed, steam supply, etc. based on experience to maximize the efficiency of the animal feed granulator. At the same time, centralized and continuous granulation of feed of the same variety and particle size should be arranged as much as possible.

The number of starts of the animal feed pellet machine should be minimized. When the machine is blocked, it cannot be started by force to avoid damaging the main motor. The remaining materials in the granulating chamber should be cleaned up before restarting. The dust removal system must be cleaned in time to reduce the dust content at the steam outlet and reduce losses.

When producing pellets, the particle size of the raw materials will directly affect the hardness and aging effect and the scrap ratio. Check whether the screen is damaged and whether the hammer is worn every day.

7. Improve the accuracy of packaging and weighing

In order to ensure that the packaging scale weighs accurately, the packages should be taken to a platform scale (preferably an electronic scale) on time every day for weighing. The classification of raw materials must be clear to prevent mispackaging.

After starting packaging, various parameters should be adjusted in time to ensure that the packaging scale reaches the fastest packaging speed under the premise of accuracy and stability. The head and tail bags should be packed in waste bags and recycled to avoid being mixed into finished materials. Labels should be printed according to daily needs to avoid inaccurate production dates.

During the packaging process, packers should take samples on time and carefully observe the color of the feed. If there is an abnormality, they should stop packaging immediately and wait for processing.

Pay special attention to the variety and specifications of packaging bags to avoid using the wrong packaging bag. Packaging reports must be filled out in a timely manner. After packaging a variety of materials, attention must be paid to knocking the barrel to prevent residues. If there are too many packages or too few packages, the person in charge must be notified immediately.

Process loss refers to the loss generated during the compound feed manufacturing process, which is mainly caused by the following aspects:

(1) The impurity content exceeds the standard.

Generally speaking, the content of impurities in raw materials should not exceed 1%, but sometimes, the content of impurities cannot be measured by visual inspection or sampling, and these impurities will be screened out during feed processing.

(2) Water is lost during crushing.

After corn or meal raw materials are crushed by a grinder, moisture will be lost due to the sharp increase in temperature. Especially for raw materials with higher moisture, the moisture loss will sometimes reach 0.5%~1%.

(3) Dust loss.

Due to loose sealing of equipment or imperfect dust removal equipment, raw materials will turn into dust, causing waste.

(4) Water loss during granulation.

During granulation, if the wind speed or air volume of the cooling fan is too high, the moisture content of the finished product will be low.

(5) The fan discharges dust.

During the cooling process of pellet feed, if the wind speed is too high or the dust removal effect of the cyclone dust collector is not good, part of the feed will be discharged with the wind, causing losses.

(6) The baler is not precise enough.

The baling machine generally stipulates that the error of the bag weight is within ±50g. If the baling scale is inaccurate, the bag weight exceeding the specified weight will also cause losses.

(7) Accuracy of batching scale.

If the ingredient scale is inaccurate, the ingredients will not be used according to the actual weight of the formula, resulting in a loss in value. The focus of process loss is to control the moisture content and packaging accuracy of finished pellet feed.

The moisture content of finished pellet feed is often affected by the moisture content of raw materials. In order to reduce moisture content
To achieve quality standards, the following aspects must be paid attention to in actual operations:

• Correctly adjust the position of the cooler’s high and low material levels to control the cooling time. The longer the cooling time, the more moisture is lost, and the shorter the cooling time, the higher the moisture content in the finished product.
• To adjust the damper of the cooling fan, a wind speed control panel is generally installed on the upper part of the fan exhaust duct. By adjusting its angle, the induced air speed can be controlled. When the air volume remains unchanged, the level of the wind speed will determine the quality of the cooling effect. In order to achieve the purpose of controlling the moisture content of the finished product.
• Adjusting the outlet steam pressure of the boiler and the incoming steam pressure can control the conditioning moisture of the feed. When the cooling conditions remain unchanged, the higher the conditioning moisture, the higher the moisture content of the finished product. The characteristics of steam are: high-pressure steam has less water content and high heat; low-pressure steam has high water content.

According to this principle, it can be adjusted over time according to the actual situation. According to the different temperatures in each season, the prescribed moisture standards for finished products are also different.

Packaging weight control is also a very operational item, and the standard stipulates that the error is ±100 grams. Since the feed is sold in standard packages, if each package contains 50 grams more and the monthly output is 3,000t (25 packages per ton), the monthly loss will be 0.05×25×3000=3.75t. Calculated at US$500 per ton, you will A very surprising value was obtained.

It can be seen from this that a small negligence will cause huge losses. Feed companies rely on small profits but quick turnover, and an error of one thousandth is also crucial to the compound feed plant.

To control the package weight, you should first adjust the electronic scale of the packaging machine, then check the test package weight and determine the package weight setting value of the packaging machine. Frequent testing is required in the early stage. After long-term operation, you can feel the rules.

If conditions permit, , it is best to take a sample every two tons, and at least two samples should be taken per shift, once for granular feed and once for powder materials. If the specifications are different, test again.

The electricity consumption of a compound feed plant is a huge expense, and saving electricity is an important part of production management. To save electricity in compound feed production, you can pay attention to the following aspects:

• Reduce the number of starts:
  Continuous production can not only improve efficiency, but also save electricity. Because when a motor, especially a large motor, is started, it consumes a lot of power. If the animal feed pellet making machine (60KW) is not operated properly, it can easily cause blockage, which will not only cause production to stop, reduce production efficiency and generate waste, but also waste a lot of electricity.
• Reducing the idling time of the machine, arranging the production plan, and producing according to the requirements are effective ways to reduce the idling, which can not only ensure no mixing of materials, but also save electricity.
  Maintain equipment in proper working order. The energy consumption caused by friction is very large, so you should pay attention to whether the equipment is well lubricated and whether the moving parts are scratched. Crusher motors and feed pellet machine motors are the largest sources of power consumption and should be paid special attention to.
  When the hammer of the pulverizer is not sharp, the direction should be changed or the hammer should be replaced in time. The pressure rollers and ring membranes of the compound feed pellet machine will also cause the powder to slip in the animal feed pelletizer.
  If they are excessively worn. This will not only reduce the efficiency but also significantly increase the power consumption, so they should be replaced in time. Generally, the ring membranes The service life is twice the life of the pressure roller.

Arrange compound feed mill production time reasonably. Electricity charges for industrial electricity are not static. During peak periods of electricity consumption, electricity rates are higher, and during trough periods of electricity consumption, electricity rates are lower.

Peak periods and trough periods are based on the load conditions of the entire power grid, and the situation varies from place to place. You can learn more from the Electric Power Bureau. Scheduling production during low periods is an effective way to save on electricity bills.

(1) Nutrient loss

Improper feed storage may be affected by high temperature, light, and oxygen, which accelerates the oxidation of the feed and causes the oxidative decomposition of various amino acids, vitamins, and fats.

Moreover, the various digestive enzymes originally in the feed will be activated when the temperature and humidity are suitable, consuming the nutrients of the feed. For example, thiaminase can decompose vitamin B1 in the feed. Therefore, the feed should be placed in a dark, cool, ventilated and dry place, should not be scattered as much as possible, and should be stored in an airtight package.

(2) The storage time of finished materials should not be too long

For example, vitamin additives are often oxidized and destroyed due to long storage time, or mixed and stored with some trace element additives, resulting in reduced potency. Fe, in particular, has the most obvious oxidative damage effect on vitamin A, vitamin D, vitamin E and vitamin B12.

(3) Prevent fat degeneration

The more unsaturated fatty acids a fat contains, the smaller its hardness and lower melting point. Vegetable oils such as soybean oil and cottonseed oil fall into this category. This type of fat is easily oxidized and rancid by the action of oxygen in the air, thus affecting the quality of the feed.

Therefore, attention should be paid to preventing fatty degeneration during feed storage and processing.

(1) Prevent feed from being contaminated by mold and pesticides

There are many opportunities for feed to be contaminated by mold. When the temperature and humidity in the feed are suitable, mold will multiply in the feed, causing the feed to become moldy and deteriorate. Many molds can also secrete toxins, which not only reduce the nutritional value of feed, but also cause poisoning of livestock and poultry.

For example, B1 in aflatoxin (AFT) is about 10 times more toxic than highly toxic cyanide and 68 times more toxic than arsenic. Pesticide residues in trace components and metabolites inside and outside plants directly affect the safety and hygiene of plant feeds and the quality of feed products. Therefore, strengthening the quality management of feed raw materials cannot be ignored.

(2) Control of toxic and harmful substances in feed raw materials themselves

Many feeds in nature contain ingredients that are toxic or harmful to animals. For example, free gossypol in cottonseed cake is easily absorbed by the intestines, and large accumulation can damage liver cells, myocardium, and skeletal muscles.

Rapeseed cake contains a certain amount of thioglucoside, and the hydrolyzed product acts on the thyroid gland to form a thyroid gland. swell. Therefore, feed that is toxic in itself must be detoxified before feeding to avoid unnecessary economic losses.

To sum up, in order to win in an increasingly competitive market, compound feed mills must start from the above aspects, effectively strengthen feed quality management, and reduce costs as much as possible while ensuring product quality to achieve higher economic benefits.